Literature / Library / Peroxisome
Peroxisome
A single-membrane body that runs beta-oxidation of very long chain fatty acids and destroys the hydrogen peroxide it makes.
11 pictures and 5 papers. Its organelle page: Peroxisome.
Gallery
Peroxisomal membrane protein PMP70 by MINFLUX. In the confocal panel each peroxisome is a blob; in the MINFLUX panels the same organelles resolve into rings and arcs, so the membrane is seen as a surface rather than a point. The crystalloid core the copy draws is not visible here, because this marker labels the membrane.
abberior Instruments GmbH, contact person: Dr. Frederik Köpper · CC BY-SA 4.0
The authors' caption for the figure reads: "Representative TEM images showing peroxisomal morphology and number in HK-2 cells under the indicated conditions. Scale bars, 2 µm (5000×), 500 nm (12 000×)." This crop is the column labelled NG, one of the three conditions the figure compares. HK-2 cells are human proximal tubule cells.
Li, Hua, Li et al 2026, Advanced Science. Figure 7a · CC BY 4.0
Panel L (PMP70): peroxisome marker as magenta puncta, inset with arrowhead. composite of 14 immunofluorescence panels, mouse choroid plexus epithelial cells; magenta channel is the named organelle marker
Ono, Shishido, Yamagishi et al 2026, The FEBS Journal · CC BY 4.0
Peroxisomal morphology and number in HK-2 (human kidney) cells, normal-glucose untreated control column only, cropped from a larger comparison figure on USP30 and pexophagy. Scale bars 2 um (5000x) and 500 nm (12000x) in the original.
Li, Hua, Li et al 2026, Advanced Science · CC BY 4.0
Rotenone effect on catalase and beta-oxidation pathways. (A) Representative confocal microscopy images of BV2 cells treated with vehicle (Ctrl, DMSO) or 50 nM Rot for 24 h and stained for catalase. DAPI was used for nuclear counterstaining. Higher-magnification views of the boxed regions are shown in the panel below to better visualize the intracellular staining pattern. Magnification: 40x. Scale bar = 50 um.
Valenza, Muzzi, Rendina et al 2026, Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · CC BY 4.0
Ultrastructure of mammalian peroxisomes. a Peroxisomes in mouse liver hepatocytes were marked for d-amino acid oxidase activity using the cerium technique (Angermuller and Fahimi 1988; Islinger et al. 2010). Note that peroxisomes show heterogeneous staining indicating varying d-amino acid oxidase activities in neighbouring hepatocytes and even inside one cell. Scale bar 2 um. b Peroxisomes in the same specimen as shown in a in a higher magnification view. As indicated by arrowheads, peroxisomes are frequently apposed to ER tubules, which often also maintain contacts with mitochondria in the direct vicinity. Scale bar 1 um. c Liver peroxisomes isolated from a heavy mitochondrial fraction using free flow electrophoresis (Islinger et al. 2010). Peroxisomes show a homogenous granular appearance and occasionally contain a crystalline core of urate oxidase. Scale bar 0.5 um. d Peroxisomal core fraction from the same experiment as shown in c. Note the regular crystalline structure cut in sagittal or horizontal planes. Scale bar 0.5 um. e Microperoxisomes in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) of the mouse identified by alkaline DAB staining (Merz et al. 2025). Peroxisomes indicated by arrowheads are preferentially found in the basolateral region of the cells. Scale bar 5 um. f Magnification from e. A comparison to neighbouring mitochondria highlights the significantly smaller size of RPE compared to hepatocyte peroxisomes. Scale bar 1 um. Po peroxisomes, Mi mitochondria, Nu nucleus, ER endoplasmic reticulum, BC bile canaliculus, Mel melanosomes, POS photoreceptor outer segments, BF basal folds, BM Bruch's membrane
Tang, Islinger, Schrader et al 2026, Histochemistry and Cell Biology · CC BY 4.0
Peroxisomal targeting of GNPAT, AGPS, and FAR1 depends on PEX5, PEX7, and PEX19, respectively. (A) Schematic representations of GNPAT, AGPS, and FAR1 proteins. Peroxisomal targeting sequences and their positions within each protein are highlighted in red and green. The corresponding peroxisomal-targeting receptors are also indicated. (B) Immunofluorescence images of endogenous FAR1 and PMP70 in WT and PEX19 KO HEK293T cells. Scale bar: 10 µm. (C) Localization of EGFP-GNPAT and endogenous PMP70 in WT and PEX5 KO HEK293T cells. Scale bar: 10 µm. (D) Localization of AGPS-EGFP and endogenous PMP70 in WT and PEX7 KO HEK293T cells. Scale bar: 10 µm. (E, F) Pearson's coefficient analysis of co-localization between EGFP-GNPAT and PMP70 in (C), and between AGPS-EGFP and PMP70 in (D). (G to J) Western blot and expression analyses of FAR1, EGFP-GNPAT, AGPS-EGFP and PEX7.
Chen, Henn, Dong et al 2026, The EMBO Journal. Figure EV3 · CC BY 4.0
PMP70-positive peroxisomes (green) in an untreated control BV2 cell, single-channel crop from a larger comparison figure on rotenone and peroxisomal remodeling. Scale bar 10 um in the original.
Valenza, Muzzi, Rendina et al 2026, Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · CC BY 4.0
Representative TEM images of peroxisome and phagophores of hepatocytes. (A,B) Peroxisomes (P), mitochondria (M), and phagophore (Pha) in the CF group. An organelle, possibly peroxisome captured by phagophore (sequestered membranes), indicating phagophore expansion. (C,D) Peroxisomes, mitochondria, phagophore, and autolysosomes (L) in the HFD + CF group. Autolysosomes consist of organelles and lysosomes. TEM, transmission electron microscopy. Bar = 200 (B,D), 500 nm (A) and 1.0 µm (C). (rat (hepatocyte, clofibrate-treated and HFD+clofibrate-treated groups); Figure 3, full figure (panels A-D; peroxisomes labeled P).)
Ohshima, Hara, Takimoto et al 2024, Biology · CC BY 4.0
Super-resolution fluorescence microscopy (MINFLUX microscopy) of peroxisomal membrane protein distribution in mammalian cells. HEK293 cells were transfected with EGFP-PEX13 (a, c, e) or EGFP-PEX26 (b, d, f) and labelled with GFP-nanobodies coupled to Alexa-Fluor 647. A single peroxisome is shown. a, b Two-dimensional projection of a 3D MINFLUX recording. The colour code indicates the number of localisations (counts). c, d Z-colour-coded 3D recordings. e, f 3D presentation, rotated. The colour code indicates the Z-position. Scale bars 500 nm. (human (HEK293); Fig. 3, full figure (all panels a-f; EGFP-PEX13 left column, EGFP-PEX26 right column).)
Tang, Islinger, Schrader et al 2026, Histochemistry and Cell Biology · CC BY 4.0
Super-resolution fluorescence microscopy (MINFLUX microscopy) of peroxisomal membrane protein distribution in mammalian cells. HEK293 cells were transfected with EGFP-PEX13 (a, c, e) or EGFP-PEX26 (b, d, f) and labelled with GFP-nanobodies coupled to Alexa-Fluor 647. A single peroxisome is shown. a, b Two-dimensional projection of a 3D MINFLUX recording. The colour code indicates the number of localisations (counts). c, d Z-colour-coded 3D recordings. e, f 3D presentation, rotated. The colour code indicates the Z-position. Scale bars 500 nm. (human (HEK293 cells, transfected with EGFP-PEX13 or EGFP-PEX26); Figure 3, full figure (panels a–f).)
Tang, Islinger, Schrader 2026, Histochemistry and Cell Biology · CC BY 4.0
Papers
- Zhong MY, Yang SY, Xu WH, Zhang YK, Zhao J. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) as a mechano-metabolic transducer: coordinating lipid homeostasis through mechanical cues. Mol Biomed. 2026;7:137. PMID: 42584735.
- Tang X, Islinger M, Schrader M. Visualisation of peroxisomes: a journey through seven decades. Histochem Cell Biol. 2026;164:37. PMID: 42159723.
- Vinoy N, Huang G, Wallace D, Subramaniam VN. Loss of peroxisomal membrane proteins PEX13 and PEX14 disrupts fatty acid oxidation and drives lipid imbalance. Biosci Rep. 2026;46:BSR20260048. PMID: 41860470.
- Pratama AM, Bömmel H, Wihadmadyatami H, Tjahjono Y, Ergün S, Bachhuka A, et al. Peroxisomes, PPARs, and Their Role in Macrophages. Cells. 2025;14:2021. PMID: 41440041.
- Ohshima K, Hara E, Takimoto M, Bai Y, Hirata M, Zeng W, et al. Peroxisome Proliferator Activator α Agonist Clofibrate Induces Pexophagy in Coconut Oil-Based High-Fat Diet-Fed Rats. Biology (Basel). 2024;13:1027. PMID: 39765694.