Literature / Library / Nucleolus
Nucleolus
The ribosome factory: three nested components, no membrane, and a size and number that depend on which cell you are looking at.
14 pictures and 8 papers. Its organelle page: Nucleolus.
Gallery
Representative electron micrographs illustrating the ultrastructural nucleolar characteristics of dorsal root ganglia neurons after administration of miR-30c-5p mimic or inhibitor to SNI rats. Sham (A) and SNI rats treated with miR-30c-5p inhibitor (C) exhibit the typical nucleolar organisation of DRG neurons, characterised by the presence of numerous small-sized fibrillar centres (*, FCs), surrounded by a ring of dense fibrillar component (DFC), and areas of granular component (GC), preferentially at the nucleolar periphery. SNI rats treated with vehicle (B) or with miR-30c-5p mimic (D) present severe nucleolar alterations, including the formation of enlarged FCs and segregation of large masses of GC and DFC at the nucleolar periphery. Scale bar: 2 um.
Frances, Mata-Garrido, Lafarga et al 2024, International Journal of Molecular Sciences. Figure 4 · CC BY 4.0
Panel a, "DMSO" row: DAPI (blue), fibrillarin (red, dense fibrillar component marker) and NPM1 (green, granular component marker) in HCT116 cells at baseline, showing normal nucleolar substructure. Part of a composite figure on nucleolar stress from DNA-damaging agents.
Chen, Xiao, Hao et al 2026, Communications Biology · CC BY 4.0
NPM1 colocalizes and interacts with the PRC2.1 subcomplex. (A) Left panels: Subcellular localization of H3K27me3 or H3K9me3 (green), NPM1 (red), and DAPI (blue) in HeLa cells is shown in the representative immunofluorescence (IF) images. Right panels: intensity profiles of NPM1, H3K27me3 and H3K9me3 correspond to the zoomed regions (white rectangle) indicated by white lines crossing the nucleolus in the left panels. Y-axis: intensity, arbitrary units (au); X-axis: distance (um).
Zhu, Wang, Chen et al 2026, Advanced Science · CC BY 4.0
Immunostaining of control and irradiated MCF-7 cells with an antibody to the UBF transcription factor. UBF and 28S rDNA signals are visualized in red and green fluorescence, respectively. Staining of cells was carried out in cycling cells and at different intervals following irradiation
Sochorova, Lukasova, Polanska et al 2025, European Biophysics Journal · CC BY 4.0
Nucleolar localization of KANSL2. a Immunofluorescence detection of endogenous KANSL2 and nucleolar markers UBF in U87 and FBL in U251 cells. A dashed box corresponding to the zoomed area is shown in greater detail (scale bars: 50 μm and 10 μm for insets). b Actinomycin D (ACTD) treatment of U87 removed KANSL2 and relocalized UBF immunofluorescence signals from nucleolus. DAPI was used to stain th
Budnik, Canedo, Morellato et al 2026, Communications Biology · CC BY 4.0
Nucleolar localization of KANSL2 in synchronized cells. a Immunofluorescence detection of endogenous KANSL2 and nucleolar marker UBF in Hela cells. DAPI stained the nuclei. Adjustments to individual channels were performed to better visualize the merged images. (scale bar, 50 μm). Cell cycle was determined through propidium iodide staining and flow cytometry of synchronized cells. b Correlation co
Budnik, Canedo, Morellato et al 2026, Communications Biology · CC BY 4.0
KMT2A and KMT2F bind to the human ribosomal DNA (rDNA) repeats. A. Immunofluorescence staining (IFS) of endogenous KMT2A and KMT2F is shown. U-2OS cells were co-stained with either KMT2A or KMT2F and nucleolar marker B23. DNA was counterstained with 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI, blue). Scale bar, 5 um. The highlighted box is shown as a zoomed-in image on the right.
Lone, Karole, Ravindran et al 2026, PLOS Biology · CC BY 4.0
RelA knockdown suppressed ActD-induced nucleolar cap disruption and nucleoplasmic FBL localization in p53 KO cells. (a) WT and p53 KO HCT116 cells were treated with or without ActD (20 ng/mL) for 16 h. (b) p53 KO HCT116 cells expressing control or RelA shRNA were treated with or without ActD (20 ng/mL) for 16 h. (a,b) Confocal images of FBL (green) and DAPI-stained DNA (blue). The scale bar is 10 um.
Torii, Sumida, Kobayashi et al 2026, Biomolecules · CC BY 4.0
Multiple nucleoli in a Xenopus laevis oocyte germinal vesicle by confocal microscopy, the granular component labeled with NPM1-RFP (magenta) and the dense fibrillar component with FIB1-eGFP (green). Scale bar 15 um.
Cheng, Roggeveen, Wang et al 2025, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · CC BY 4.0
A Myosotis sylvatica trichome cell by TEM, second day of flowering, with a labeled nucleus (n), nucleolus (nu), vacuole (v), cell wall (cw) and plastid (p). Scale bar 2 um.
Weryszko-Chmielewska, Sulborska-Rozycka, Dmitruk 2026, Plants · CC BY 4.0
High magnification electron micrograph of the dental pulp of a human upper lateral incisor. A multilocular nucleolus is depicted consisting of three (1--3) aggregated bodies and coated by a layer of pre-ribosomes (white arrows). (human (dental pulp cell); Figure 2single.)
Rusu, Vrapciu, Nicolescu et al 2022, Medicina · CC BY 4.0
WT and p53 KO HCT116 cells were treated with or without DOXO (1 µg/mL) for 2 or 16 h. Confocal images of FBL (green), NPM1 (magenta), and DAPI-stained DNA (blue) are shown. (human (HCT116 colorectal carcinoma); Figure 1, confocal IF panels (rows 60-520 of figure); WT control and p53 KO conditions with and without doxorubicin treatment.)
Torii, Sumida, Kobayashi et al 2026, Biomolecules · CC BY 4.0
NPM1 colocalizes and interacts with the PRC2.1 subcomplex. Left panels: Subcellular localization of H3K27me3 or H3K9me3 (green), NPM1 (red), and DAPI (blue) in HeLa cells is shown in the representative immunofluorescence (IF) images. Right panels: intensity profiles of NPM1, H3K27me3 and H3K9me3 correspond to the zoomed regions (white rectangle) indicated by white lines crossing the nucleolus in the left panels. Y-axis: intensity, arbitrary units (au); X-axis: distance (µm). (human (HeLa cells); Figure 1, panel A.)
Zhu et al. 2026, Advanced Science · CC BY 4.0
Immunofluorescence staining for fibrillarin in A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cells shows the nucleolar marker concentrated in discrete round foci within each nucleus, labelling the dense fibrillar component of the nucleolus. (Homo sapiens (A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells).)
Ulloa-Aguilar JM 2026, Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · CC BY 4.0
Papers
- Wolfová K, Otevřelová P, Brodská B. Nucleolin Alterations and ROS Production Associate With Sensitivity of AML Cells to Venetoclax. FASEB J. 2026;40:e72341. PMID: 42798295.
- Arakawa Y, Taniyama D, Suzuki K, Yano S, Pommier Y. Schlafen 11 Is Overexpressed in Multiple Myeloma and Undergoes Nucleolar Translocation in Response to Bortezomib. Cancer Res Commun. 2026;6:1777-1793. PMID: 42424601.
- Zhu L, Wang W, Chen S, Zhu G, Wu Z, Gu Y, et al. PRC2.1 Coordinates Peri-Nucleolar H3K27me3-Enriched Heterochromatin Organization and NPM1 Pentamerization to Maintain Nucleolar Integrity. Adv Sci (Weinh). 2026;13:e19359. PMID: 42299771.
- Shan L, Sun Y, Woodson SA, Chen LL. Elucidating structure-function relationships in the mammalian nucleolus. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2026;27:647-667. PMID: 42156929.
- Ulloa-Aguilar JM, Cruz-Holguin VJ, Benítez-Zeferino YR, Guzmán-Bautista ER, García-Cordero J, De Jesús-González LA, et al. Human respiratory syncytial virus regulates the expression of interferon-stimulated genes through modulation of fibrillarin. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2026;16:1706028. PMID: 42064218.
- Wang D, Zhao R, Li W, Huang W, Su L, Shao Z, et al. A Novel RNA-Light Probe for Structured-Illumination Microscopy Super-Resolution Imaging of Nucleolar Ultrastructure and Analysis of Nucleolar Dynamics. Anal Chem. 2026;98:11662-11670. PMID: 41984499.
- Torii T, Sumida M, Kobayashi A, Goto T, Suzuki R, Kuwamoto S, et al. Loss of p53 Provokes NF-κB-Dependent Disruption of Nucleolar Cap and Nucleoplasmic Redistribution of Fibrillarin During Nucleolar Stress. Biomolecules. 2026;16:296. PMID: 41750364.
- Rusu MC, Vrapciu AD, Nicolescu MI, Stoenescu MD, Jianu AM, Lighezan R, et al. Extruded Nucleoli of Human Dental Pulp Cells. Medicina (Kaunas). 2022;58:260. PMID: 35208583.