Literature / Library / Nuclear envelope
Nuclear envelope
Two membranes with a space between them, pierced by the only route in or out, and braced against the cytoskeleton so the nucleus can be pushed around without tearing.
16 pictures and 9 papers. Its organelle page: Nuclear envelope.
Gallery
Panel A, row "3M Control": Lamin B1 (red) at the nuclear rim, HA (cyan, LINC-DN reporter, not expressed in this row) and Hoechst (blue) in mouse cortical neurons, showing normal nuclear lamina morphology. Part of a composite figure on LINC complex disruption and ageing.
Hasegawa, Hama, Amemiya et al 2026, EMBO Reports · CC BY 4.0
Transmission electron microscopy. The figure shows the nucleus of Sertoli cells with an intact nuclear membrane (E) and dense body in the cytoplasm of fetal germ cells or gonocytes (F).
Haldar, Gaikwad, Patra et al 2026, Cureus · CC BY 4.0
Overexpression of TMEM209 leads to a loss of Nup210 from the nuclear envelope. HeLa cells (A) or HAP1 cells (B) were transfected with a construct coding for HA-TMEM209, subjected to indirect immunofluorescence using antibodies against the HA tag and Nup358, Nup214, Nup153, Nup98, TPR, POM121 or Nup210, as indicated and analyzed by confocal microscopy. Arrowheads point to cells with reduced levels of Nup210.
Kohlhause, Spillner, Zapata et al 2026, Journal of Cell Science · CC BY 4.0
Topology of TMEM209. (A) HeLa cells were transfected with constructs coding for HA–TMEM209 or TMEM209–HA and subjected to indirect immunofluorescence using digitonin or Triton X-100 for permeabilization and anti-HA- or anti-lamin A/C antibodies. Scale bars: 10 µm. Note that the transfection efficiency and the expression level for TMEM209–HA were low. Major differences compared to HA–TMEM209 regarding the localization pattern of the two proteins, however, were not observed. (B) Model of TMEM209 inserted into a membrane, as predicted by the TmAlphaFold database.
Kohlhause, Spillner, Zapata et al 2026, Journal of Cell Science. Fig. 1 · CC BY 4.0
Nuclear morphology and function abnormalities are seen in patient-derived p.R249W fibroblasts. ( A ) Representative immunofluorescence images of wild-type fibroblasts and p.R249W patient-derived fibroblasts emphasizing elongation (top two panels) and Lamin A/C polar localization (bottom two panels) in p.R249W fibroblasts. Staining against Lamin A/C (green) and Lamin B1 (red) was used. ( B ) Zoom i
Harvey, Zhu, Han et al 2026, Cells · CC BY 4.0
SUN1 and SUN2 mislocalization in EDMD1-myotubes nuclei. A Immunofluorescence analysis of SUN1 (red) and SUN2 (green) in myotubes from a healthy donor (Healthy donor) and EDMD1 myotubes (EDMD1). High magnification was shown in the lower panels. Percentage of myotubes with alteration of LINC complex proteins is reported in the graphs on the right ( n = 50 myotubes for sample were counted). Fluoresce
Mattioli, Cenni, Sabatelli et al 2026, Cell Death and Disease · CC BY 4.0
AL are dynamic and fuse with the NE during G1. a, b Representative images of asynchronously proliferating 2xZFN-mEGFP-Nup107 HeLa cells co-labeled with anti-p-Rb (blue) and anti-cyclin B1 (red) antibodies (a). The percentage of cells with Nup foci in p-Rb- and cyclin B1-negative cells (early G1), p-Rb-positive and cyclin B1-negative cells (mid- to late G1 and S phase), and p-Rb- and cyclin B1-positive cells (G2) was quantified (b). Scale bars, 5 μm.
Lin, Agote-Aran, Liao et al 2026, Nature Communications · CC BY 4.0
UBAP2L localizes to the NE and NPCs. (A and B) Representative images of the localization of UBAP2L and Nups in HeLa cells with/without NaAsO2 treatment shown by immunofluorescence microscopy with UBAP2L and mAb414 antibodies. Nuclei were stained with DAPI. The arrowheads indicate the NE localization of endogenous UBAP2L. The magnified framed regions are shown in the corresponding numbered panels.
Liao, Andronov, Liu et al 2024, The Journal of Cell Biology · CC BY 4.0
Laminar wrinkling does not reflect a lack of nuclear flattening in GN-PGCCs. Confocal images of (A) HEY control cells and (B) GN-PGCC expressing GFP-Lamin A (gray) cultured on glass. Cells were stained for DNA (cyan), and F-actin (yellow). All scale bars are 20 um.
Abolghasemzade, Blanchard, French et al 2026, Science Advances · CC BY 4.0
Giant nuclei in GN-PGCCs are highly wrinkled in diverse cancer patient tissues. Confocal images at 60x magnification of giant nuclei in FFPE ovarian, breast, pancreatic, thyroid, cervical, colon, head and neck, liver, lung, and skin cancer tissues stained for lamin B1 (yellow) and pan-cytokeratin (magenta). Larger images show surrounding nongiant cancer cells, with white boxes denoting zoomed regions.
Abolghasemzade, Blanchard, French et al 2026, Science Advances · CC BY 4.0
In interphase-arrested cells, progerin forms NE-associated foci that correspond to INM invaginations, whereas the ONM is unaltered. (A) Confocal images of emerin, nesprin2, and GFP-progerin in thymidine-arrested HeLa cells with and without doxycycline (dox)-induced GFP-progerin. Scale bar: 10 um. Images are representative of four experiments.
Turkmen, Wang, Frost et al 2026, Journal of Cell Science · CC BY 4.0
Acute import inhibition during mitotic exit increases NE spacing without affecting NPC diameter. e , Representative tomographic slice of the NE in HK WT cells under RanT24N condition at 28 min after AO. Scale bar, 200 nm.
Zhang, Latham, Ronchi et al 2026, Nature Structural & Molecular Biology · CC BY 4.0
Representative ultrastructural features of stress-associated nuclear envelope remodeling in LiCl-treated Ishikawa spheroids. ( A ) Control spheroids at 72 h displaying intact plasma membrane (PM), continuous nuclear membrane/nuclear envelope (NM/NE), and preserved mitochondrial structure with intact cristae. ( B ) Spheroids treated with low-dose LiCl (10 mM) showing early nuclear envelope elongation (NEE; asterisks) and membrane-associated vesicular structures. ( C ) Spheroids treated with high-dose LiCl (50 mM) showing more extensive membrane remodeling, including double-membraned vesicular structures (DM; arrows) localized near the nuclear periphery and associated with nuclear envelope deformation. Images are representative of reproducible qualitative ultrastructural patterns. Formal morphometric quantification was not performed. Scale bars: 500 nm. Abbreviations: PM, plasma membrane; Cr, cristae; M, mitochondrion; N, nucleus; NM, nuclear membrane; NEE, nuclear envelope elongation; ER, endoplasmic reticulum; G, Golgi apparatus; DS, desmosome; V, vesicle; DM, double membrane. (human (Ishikawa endometrial cancer spheroids, control condition); Figure 4A.)
Bilir, Yildirim, Karalok et al 2026, International Journal of Molecular Sciences · CC BY 4.0
Ultrastructural characterization of nuclear DNA blebs by TEM. ( A ) Positive staining in mock-infected and HSV-1 d 109-infected HFF cells at 3 hpi (MOI = 5 pfu/cell) visualized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). White arrows point to nuclear envelope membrane separations. Direct magnification was 4,800x, where one pixel is 1.46 nm. The scale bar represents 1 um. (human (HFF fibroblast, mock-infected control); Figure 4A (mock-infected control, left panel).)
Romero, Oh, Mertens et al 2026, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · CC BY 4.0
Emerin protein levels are elevated in two neuronal models of tauopathy. Significant increase in emerin in iTau neurons based on (A) immunofluorescence and (B) Western blotting after 1 week of retinoic acid-mediated neuronal differentiation and 24-hour doxycycline-mediated induction of tau or GFP expression. Significant increase in emerin in MAPT IVS10+16/WT iPSC-derived neurons after 8 weeks of differentiation based on (D) immunofluorescence and (E) Western blotting. Adapted: IF panels A and D extracted and stacked vertically; Western blot panels B and E and ddPCR panels C and F excluded. (human (iPSC-derived neurons and iTau neurons); Figure 2, panels A and D (IF panels only; WB panels B and E and ddPCR panels C and F excluded; rows 20-300 and rows 660-940 of full figure, stacked).)
Sohn, Pardo, Molleur et al 2026, Nucleus · CC BY 4.0
Immunofluorescence staining for lamin B1 outlines the nuclear lamina as a continuous ring in human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes, with smooth nuclear contours visible in control cells prior to lamin B1 depletion. (Homo sapiens (iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes).)
Ventimiglia LN 2026, Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology · CC BY 4.0
Papers
- Ventimiglia LN, Zelezniak A, Dos Remedios CG, Lal S, Ehler E, De Nicola GF. Lamin B1 loss in human cardiomyocytes is associated with nuclear shape deformation in dilated cardiomyopathy. J Mol Cell Cardiol Plus. 2026;17:100865. PMID: 42668459.
- Romero N, Oh HS, Mertens ME, Ericsson M, Stearns KN, Moscona A, et al. Expulsion of nuclear DNA to the cytoplasm after viral entry: A mechanism for activation of the cGAS pathway. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2026;123:e2614472123. PMID: 42611990.
- Bilir A, Yıldırım B, Karalök MH, Kulak K. Lithium Chloride-Induced Nuclear Envelope Remodeling in 3D Endometrial Cancer Spheroids. Int J Mol Sci. 2026;27:6352. PMID: 42511697.
- Sohn C, Pardo S, Molleur D, Paduri SR, Lambert M, Uttke Z, et al. Elevation of the mechanically-sensitive e protein emerin links nuclear mechanotransduction to tau-induced cytoskeletal remodeling in neurons. Nucleus. 2026;17:2697135. PMID: 42415348.
- Kreysing JP, Cruz-León S, Betz J, Penzo C, Majtner T, Schreiber M, et al. Molecular architecture of heterochromatin at the nuclear periphery of primary human cells. Nat Commun. 2026;17:5844. PMID: 42399220.
- Nair A, Khanna J, Kler J, Ragesh R, Sengupta K. Nuclear envelope and chromatin choreography direct cellular differentiation. Nucleus. 2025;16:2449520. PMID: 39943681.
- Ulusoy EK, Ulusoy DM, Göl MF, Çiçek A, Tokmak TT. Association of lamina cribrosa thickness and hippocampal volume in Alzheimer's disease patients. Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 2024;82:1-7. PMID: 39489151.
- Singh J, Zlatar L, Muñoz-Becerra M, Lochnit G, Herrmann I, Pfister F, et al. Calpain-1 weakens the nuclear envelope and promotes the release of neutrophil extracellular traps. Cell Commun Signal. 2024;22:435. PMID: 39252008.
- Gauthier BR, Comaills V. Nuclear Envelope Integrity in Health and Disease: Consequences on Genome Instability and Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22:7281. PMID: 34298904.