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Lysosome

The acidic compartment that digests what the cell takes in or breaks down, and reports on the state of metabolism while it does.

10 pictures and 24 papers. Its organelle page: Lysosome.

Gallery

Panel I (LAMP1): lysosome marker as magenta puncta, inset with arrowheads. composite of 14 immunofluorescence panels, mouse choroid plexus epithelial cells; magenta channel is the named organelle marker

Ono, Shishido, Yamagishi et al 2026, The FEBS Journal · CC BY 4.0

C20/A4 chondrocytes were treated with 0.1 HGA for 2 W. (A) LC3 (green) and LAMP1 (red) markers are both double-labeled. LAMP1 expression resulted increased, while decreased the expression of LC3 and its colocalization with LAMP1, in HGA treated cells compared to control. (B) p62 (green) and LAMP1 (red) are both double-labeled. p62 and LAMP1 expression, and their colocalization increase in HGA treated cells compared to control. Nuclei were counterstained with DAPI.

Mastroeni, Trezza, Visibelli et al 2026, Antioxidants · CC BY 4.0

TRPM2 gene knockout reduced lysosomal abundance in PA-treated primary hepatocytes. The primary cultured hepatocytes from TRPM2 +/+ and TRPM2 -/- were treated with PA (250 uM for 24 h) to induce lipid accumulation or with BSA as a control. (A) The cells were co-stained with lysosome marker LysoTracker and neutral lipid dye BODIPY493/503 or (B) with lysosome marker LAMP1 and BODIPY493/503. Scale bar = 10 um.

Ying, Zhuo, Zhou et al 2026, Cells · CC BY 4.0

Mitochondria-lysosome contacts facilitate lysosomal acidification in HeLa cells (A) Schematics of the pHLARE and the engineered Mito-Lyso linker. (B and C) Representative super-resolution microscopy images of HeLa cells with and without Mito-Lyso linker (linker). Scale bar, 1 um. (D) Comparison of lysosomal acidification in lysosomes located close to (<0.15 um) and far from (>1 um) mitochondria.

Liu, Yoo, Zhang et al 2026, Molecular cell · CC BY 4.0

Arl8b depletion results in LAMP1 missorting to Rab11a-positive REs. (A) Representative confocal images of HeLa cells expressing SBP-GFP-LAMP1 (green) and stained for endogenous AP-3 (magenta) at the indicated time points after biotin addition. The line profiles indicate fluorescence intensity along the yellow lines for both channels: SBP-GFP-LAMP1 (green) and AP-3 (magenta). Scale bars: 10 um.

Chouhan, Phogat, Walia et al 2026, The Journal of Cell Biology · CC BY 4.0

CHMP4B accumulates in response to TcdB remnants in endosomes. (A) Immunofluorescent staining against LAMP1 (red) and CHMP4B (green) as a marker for moderate endosome membrane damage showed accumulation of CHMP4B on endosomes of HEp-2 cells after treatment with positive control LLOMe (1 mM) as well as with 1 ug/mL TcdB NXN. Neither non-cleavable TcdB NXN C698S nor bafilomycin provoked CHMP4B accumulation. CHMP4B response was observed after 4 h treatment with TcdB NXN and barely visible after 24 h treatment.

Langejurgen, Schmidt, Unsold et al 2026, Toxins · CC BY 4.0

OTA induces aberrant accumulation of lysosomes in porcine oocytes. The fluorescence staining results of lysosome showed that the lysosome localization of treatment group was abnormal. Red, lysosome. Bar = 30 um.

Hu, Yi, Ke et al 2026, Frontiers in Veterinary Science · CC BY 4.0

Ultrastructural analysis of MNPs uptake and intracellular fate in primary human monocytes. (A) Representative TEM images of freshly isolated monocytes at 24 and 72 hours post exposure to 25 µg/ml of MNPs with diameter of 0.5, 1, and 5 µm.

Pezzana, Broggiato, Limanaqi et al 2026, Frontiers in Immunology · CC BY 4.0

Stellate macrophage (Kupffer cell) in the liver of a camel. H--hepatocyte; SM--stellate macrophage; NM--macrophage nucleus; LS--sinusoid lumen; LD--lipid droplets; M--mitochondria; lysosomes and phagolysosomes (↑). Electron microphotography. (Bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus, liver Kupffer cell); Figure 10single.)

Musina, Lebedeva, Drozdova et al 2025, Animals · CC BY 4.0

ICC of GCase (Alexa Fluor 647) with LysoTracker staining (DND-99, pseudo-colored green) in fibroblasts incubated with or without ATB2057 (0.1 µM, 2 d) (human (fibroblasts); Fig. 6, panel A (ICC of GCase and LysoTracker in fibroblasts, control arm without ATB2057 and treated arm; rows 28-649 cols 10-719 of figure).)

Kim, Park, Oh et al 2026, Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences · CC BY 4.0

Papers

  1. Pezzana S, Broggiato M, Limanaqi F, Vezzoli E, Zecchini S, Valsecchi L, et al. Micro- and nanoplastics remodel the autophagy-lysosomal axis and mitochondrial function in primary human monocytes. Front Immunol. 2026;17:1919477. PMID: 42718517.
  2. Sang L, Zang R, Yu Z, Gong X, Huang Y, Jin X, et al. Trichostatin A Inhibits Cytokines Released in LPS-Induced THP-1 Cells via Downregulating Deacetylated-Syntaxin 17 and Promoting Autophagosome-Lysosome Fusion. Physiol Res. 2026;75:781-793. PMID: 42708874.
  3. Mondragon AA, Donovan KW, Hronowski X, Swalley SE, Lamore S, Gao B, et al. Evaluation of Antisense Oligonucleotide-Associated Neuronal Lysosomal Changes. Nucleic Acid Ther. 2026;36:232-243. PMID: 42560023.
  4. Zhu J, Sun T, Wei F, Wang D, Liu F, Chen D, et al. Targeting ROAM1 with UDP-GlcNAc nanosheets selective activates lysosomal AMPK to resolve metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. Bioact Mater. 2026;66:487-507. PMID: 42518659.
  5. Mastroeni P, Trezza A, Visibelli A, Geminiani M, Santucci A. HGA-Induced Oxidative Stress Impairs Autophagy via Lysosomal Dysfunction in Alkaptonuria. Antioxidants (Basel). 2026;15:823. PMID: 42510554.
  6. Zhang C, Han Y, Yang H. HBx Downregulates TFEB via the CUL4A/CUL4B-DDB1 Axis to Disrupt Lysosomal Function in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells. Cells. 2026;15:1259. PMID: 42505369.
  7. Nekrasova A, Kutsev S, Shestopalov A. The Sphingolipid Balance and Endothelial Dysfunction in Lysosomal Storage Diseases: Shared Mechanisms in Gaucher, Niemann-Pick and Fabry Disease. Int J Mol Sci. 2026;27:5972. PMID: 42450239.
  8. Nasso ME, Bottaro A, Fazio M, Stagno F, Gangemi S, Allegra A. Microenvironmental Drivers of Bone Disease in Multiple Myeloma: Oxidative Stress, Sterile Inflammation, Autophagy-Lysosomal Remodeling, and the Iron-Lipid Peroxidation Axis. Biomolecules. 2026;16:710. PMID: 42194058.
  9. Prasun P, Rasberry M. Expanding Spectrum of FIG4-Related Neurological Disorders of Lysosomal Homeostasis: Case Report and Overview of the Potential Genotype-Phenotype Correlations. Clin Genet. 2026;110:363-368. PMID: 42170697.
  10. Krout M, Gowrishankar S. Ultrastructural studies reveal a new role for JIP3/MAPK8IP3 in endo-lysosomal maturation within the neuronal cell body. Mol Biol Cell. 2026;37:ar63. PMID: 42126962.
  11. Jiménez-Ridruejo I, Plaza-Zabala A. Autophagy-lysosome networks in oligodendrocytes: a dynamic framework for myelin integrity. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2026;14:1818512. PMID: 42093725.
  12. Tieze SM, Esqueda A, McAllister R, Lagator M, Yücel B, Sun E, et al. Lipofuscin accumulation in aging and CLN1 is associated with deficient de-S-acylation, lyso-mitochondrial dysfunction, and lipid dyshomeostasis. Acta Neuropathol. 2026;151:52. PMID: 42070169.
  13. Kim HY, Choi EN, Lee GE, Yoon S, Mun SR, Jung EJ, et al. Targeted delivery of glucocerebrosidase to lysosomes: The LYSOTAC (LYSOsome-TArgeting Chimera) technology. Asian J Pharm Sci. 2026;21:101149. PMID: 42027956.
  14. Zhang K, Luo Z, Chen Y, Li Y, Wang L, Liu Y, et al. Microbial tryptophan metabolism activates host lysosomal activity to facilitate lipid breakdown. PLoS Biol. 2026;24:e3003685. PMID: 41746947.
  15. Yan J, Zhang Y, Choksi S, Mikolaj MR, Harned A, Narayan K, et al. TGFB-inducible VASN (vasorin) promotes lysosomal acidification. Autophagy. 2026;22:1097-1115. PMID: 41630427.
  16. Ain NU, Vaishnaw M, Mistry PK. Natural-History Mapping of Lysosomal Storage Disorders (LSDs): Gaucher Disease as a Model for Precision Care. J Inherit Metab Dis. 2026;49:e70128. PMID: 41527340.
  17. Cui J, Lin Z, Sun M, He Y, Mao Y, Zhang C, et al. Intracellular IL-24 ameliorates lipid metabolic disorders in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis by restoring the autophagy-lysosome pathway. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2025;82:417. PMID: 41288708.
  18. Musina L, Lebedeva A, Drozdova L, Prusakov A, Ponamarev V. Features of the Liver Microstructural Organization of the Bactrian Camel. Animals (Basel). 2025;15:2921. PMID: 41096516.
  19. Cinque L, Iavazzo M, Di Bonito G, Polishchuk E, De Cegli R, Settembre C. FGF Signaling Promotes Lysosome Biogenesis in Chondrocytes via the Mannose Phosphate Receptor Pathway. Traffic. 2025;26:e70013. PMID: 40747612.
  20. Bao C, Zhang Y, Feng J, Hong X, Gao N, Feng G. Deciphering tuberculosis: lysosome-centric insights into pathogenesis and therapies. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2025;15:1582037. PMID: 40438237.
  21. Miyake K, Shibata T, Sato R, Fukui R. Innate immune responses to lysosomal nucleic acid stress. J Biochem. 2025;178:89-96. PMID: 40037613.
  22. Savy C, Bourgoin M, Cluzeau T, Jacquel A, Robert G, Auberger P. VEXAS, Chediak-Higashi syndrome and Danon disease: myeloid cell endo-lysosomal pathway dysfunction as a common denominator? Cell Mol Biol Lett. 2025;30:12. PMID: 39865233.
  23. Yamashima T. 4-Hydroxynonenal from Mitochondrial and Dietary Sources Causes Lysosomal Cell Death for Lifestyle-Related Diseases. Nutrients. 2024;16:4171. PMID: 39683565.
  24. Moskot M, Bocheńska K, Jakóbkiewicz-Banecka J, Banecki B, Gabig-Cimińska M. Abnormal Sphingolipid World in Inflammation Specific for Lysosomal Storage Diseases and Skin Disorders. Int J Mol Sci. 2018;19:247. PMID: 29342918.

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