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spermatocyte

Real pictures of the spermatocyte delivered by gather.site, each with its paper.

13 pictures and 11 papers.

Gallery

Immunofluorescence staining of meiotic chromosome spreads from an OA control with normal spermatogenesis (C) and patient P01 (D) using antibodies against SYCP3 and γH2AX. SYCP3 is shown in green and γH2AX in red. OA control spermatocytes showed stage-appropriate γH2AX localization, whereas P01 spermatocytes showed persistent nuclear-wide γH2AX staining and absence of a typical γH2AX-positive XY body. L, leptotene; Z, zygotene; P, pachytene; D, diplotene; P-like, pachytene-like. Scale bar, 10 μm. (human; Figure 3, panels C and D.)

Zheng, Wang, Wang et al 2026, Frontiers in Endocrinology · CC BY 4.0

Testicular tissue presents spermatocyte cysts in prepuberal mice and adult humans. (A) Electron microscopy images of spermatocytes at prophase I presenting fragments of synaptonemal complex (yellow arrowheads) which are connected by intercellular bridges (orange arrowheads). The centrosome of one of the spermatocytes is enhanced in an amplified image. Scale bars are included in each image. Adapted: EM panel A only; IF panels B, C, and D excluded. (mouse (prepubertal testis, prophase I spermatocytes); FIGURE 4, panel A only (electron microscopy of spermatocyte cysts; IF panels B-D excluded).)

Perez-Moreno, Lopez-Jimenez, Zapata-Polo et al 2026, Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · CC BY 4.0

CCDC92 regulates the manchette for the sperm head shaping. (A) Immunofluorescence staining of WT and Ccdc92 KO testis sections with the ace-Tub antibody, Alexa Fluor 568-conjugated PNA, and DAPI. The arrowheads indicate small nuclear debris. (B and C) Quantifications of the falciform-shaped heads (B) and nuclear debris (C) in WT and Ccdc92 KO seminiferous tubules (n = 3 mice per genotype). (D-F) Testicular spermatids were isolated from the WT and Ccdc92 KO testes. (D) Immunofluorescence staining with DAPI, Alexa Fluor 568-conjugated PNA, and the alpha-Tub antibody. (E and F) Quantifications of the manchette length and quarter circular polar plots of the manchette angle (theta) representing the manchette defects. The schematic diagrams illustrate the manchette angles in WT and Ccdc92 KO spermatids. (G) Fluorescence staining of WT and Ccdc92 KO testicular spermatids with DAPI, Alexa Fluor 568-conjugated PNA, and FITC-conjugated phalloidin (F-actin). (H and I) TEM images of the heads of elongating (H) and elongated (I) spermatids in WT and Ccdc92 KO seminiferous tubules. Magnified images of the dashed boxed regions are shown on the right. Note that the anchoring of the acrosome (AC) to the nucleus (N) in elongating Ccdc92 KO spermatids appears unaltered, whereas manchette microtubules (MT) are unconventionally over-elongated. Data are presented as mean +/- SD. Unpaired two-tailed t-test was performed. ***P < 0.001. (Figure 4.)

Lu, Zi, Lyu et al 2025, Journal of Molecular Cell Biology · CC BY 4.0

CD71High (G3) cells reconstitute donor-derived spermatogenesis in transplanted testes. Representative fluorescence immunohistochemistry images show germ cell colonies derived from CD71high (G3) cells, similar to control colonies formed by unsorted fresh cells within recipient seminiferous tubules. Spermatogenic differentiation of both unsorted fresh cells and CD71high (G3) GC-SSCs was confirmed using lectin-peanut agglutinin (PNA) staining. Functional spermatogenic colonies derived from the transplanted cells were observed throughout the seminiferous tubules. Nuclei were counterstained with Hoechst 33342 (blue), and donor-derived germ cells were visualized using GFP expression. Scale bar = 50 um. (mouse (CD71high spermatogonial stem cells transplanted into recipient testes); Figure 5.)

Shin, Ahn, Kim et al 2026, Animal Cells and Systems · CC BY 4.0

Ultrastructure and markers of prepuberal meiotic cilia. (A) Triple immunolabelling of acetylated Tubulin (AcTub) (red), synaptonemal complex protein 3 (SYCP3) (green) and ARL13b (yellow) in mouse spermatocytes in diplotene stage. (B-D) Triple immunolabelling of acetylated Tubulin (AcTub) (red), synaptonemal complex protein 3 (SYCP3) (green) and CEP164 (magenta) in mouse spermatocytes during prophase I (zygotene, pachytene and diplotene). All images are z-projection of 30-60 frames of stack images of each cell. Scale bars represent 10 um. (E-J) Ultrastructure of axonemes in prepuberal meiosis. (E) Electron microscopy images of a ciliated spermatocyte. Amplified images of the cilia (E') and the Golgi apparatus (E''). (F) Centrosomes with Golgi derived vesicles in the maternal centriole. (G) Schematic representation of intracellular ciliogenesis pathway. (H) Prophase I spermatocyte. Amplified images of synaptonemal complex (H'). (I,J) Mid spermatids presenting preacrosomic vesicle. Enhanced images of the flagella are offered. Blue arrowheads point to Golgi apparatus vesicles. Red arrowheads point to fragments of synaptonemal complex. Green arrowheads point to nucleolus. Orange arrowheads point to intercellular bridge between spermatids. Scale bars are included in each image. (mouse (prepubertal mouse testis spermatocytes at prophase I stages of first spermatogenesis wave); FIGURE 3.)

Perez-Moreno, Lopez-Jimenez, Zapata-Polo et al 2026, Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · CC BY 4.0

Eef1g-deficient spermatocytes exhibit synaptic defects. (A) Representative spread spermatocytes from 10-week-old control and Eef1g-cKO mice stained with antibodies against SYCP3 (green) and SYCP1 (red). Scale bars, 10 um. The chromosome axes showed that non-homologous synapsis was circled with white dashed lines. (B) Representative images of spermatocyte spreads from 10-week-old control and Eef1g-cKO mice stained for SYCP3 (green) and TEX12 (red). Scale bars, 10 um. The chromosome axes showed non-homologous synapsis were circled with white dashed lines. (C) Representative images of spermatocyte spreads from 10-week-old control and Eef1g-cKO mice stained for SYCP3 (green) and HORMAD1 (red). Scale bars: 10 um. The chromosome axes showed non-homologous synapsis were circled with white dashed lines. (mouse (10-week-old control and Eef1g-cKO mouse spermatocytes); FIGURE 4.)

Xu, Hu, Lu et al 2026, Advanced Science · CC BY 4.0

ELAPOR1 is essential for proacrosomal vesicle fusion, mitochondrial organization, and manchette formation. (A) Ultrastructural analysis of developing acrosomes in spermatids at different stages from Elapor1 flox and Elapor1 cKO mouse testes using transmission electron microscopy. Bar = 1 um. White arrows, proacrosomal vesicles; black arrows, pseudoacrosome-like structures. (B) Ultrastructural analysis of Elapor1 flox and Elapor1 cKO spermatozoa in cross sections and longitudinal sections using transmission electron microscopy. Bar = 200 nm for cross sections, and bar = 2 um for longitudinal sections. (C) Mitochondrial organization and acrosome structures of Elapor1 flox and Elapor1 cKO sperm were evaluated using MitoTracker and PNA staining. The nuclei were counterstained with DAPI. Bar = 20 um in the main panels (left panels) and bar = 10 um in the magnified panels (right panels). (D) Spermatids at different stages collected from Elapor1 flox and Elapor1 cKO mice were stained with PNA and alpha-tubulin to observe elongation of the manchette structures. The nuclei were counterstained with DAPI. Bar = 10 um. (Figure 3.)

Ding, Liang, Yang et al 2026, Theranostics · CC BY 4.0

Impairment of meiotic progression in spermatocytes of H3f4 H3.1/- substitution mice. (a) Cross-section immunofluorescent images showing cleaved PARP1 signal (green) in seminiferous tubules of H3f4 wt/- and H3f4 H3.1/- mice. gamma-H2A.X (red) and acrosome (cyan) were used to mark spermatocytes and spermatids, respectively. Scale bar: 50 um. (b) Quantification of testicular germ cells positive for cleaved PARP1 signal. (mouse; Fig. 5, panels a-b.) (mouse; Fig. 5.)

Komarov, Bammer, Liang et al 2026, Nature Communications · CC BY 4.0

Spermiogenic defects become detectable at the nuclear condensation phase in Pramel12-null mice. A, testicular sections from 4-month-old control and Pramel12-null mice were stained with HE. Tubules at different stages of the seminiferous cycle were indicated. Arrowheads mark elongating spermatids exhibiting abnormal nuclear morphology at condensation stage 13. The numbers indicate spermatids at the corresponding developmental stages. L, leptotene; Z, zygotene; P, pachytene; D, diplotene; and M, metaphase. The scale bar represents 50 um. B, periodic acid-Schiff staining of haploid spermatids during spermiogenesis from steps 1 to 16 in 4-month-old control and Pramel12-null mice. Malformed step 13 spermatids were observed during nuclear condensation in Pramel12-null mice. The scale bar represents 5 um. C, spermatids were stained with PNA and Hoechst 33342 during spermiogenesis in 4-month-old control and Pramel12-null mice. Malformed sperm heads and acrosomes were observed at step 13 in Pramel12-null mice. The scale bar represents 5 um. D, representative TEM images of acrosome biogenesis at Golgi, cap, acrosome, and maturation stages in control and Pramel12-deficient spermatids. Arrowheads indicate acrosomes. The scale bar represents 2 um. Representative of n = 3 (A-C) independent biological replicates with similar results per condition. PNA, peanut agglutinin; TEM, transmission electron microscopy. (Figure 4.)

Li, Wang, Li et al 2026, The Journal of Biological Chemistry · CC BY 4.0

Shoc1 KI spermatocytes exhibited incomplete synapsis. (A-C) Representative images of spread spermatocytes from adult Shoc1 KI homozygous ( Shoc1 KI/KI ) mice and littermate controls ( Shoc1 KI/+ ) co-stained with SYCP3 (green) and HORMAD1 (red, A), SYCP1 (red, B), SIX6OS1 (red, C). Scale bars, 10 um. (D,E) Enlarged views of spread spermatocytes co-stained with SYCP3 (green) and SYCP1 (red, D), SIX6OS1 (red, E). Scale bars, 10 um. ( F ) Quantification of synaptic defects in pachytene spermatocytes from adult Shoc1 KI homozygous ( Shoc1 KI/KI ) mice and littermate controls ( Shoc1 KI/+ ) using two-tailed Student's t-test; **** P < 0.0001; ** P < 0.01; error bars, mean +/- SEM; n, the total number of nuclei analyzed. XY, X and Y chromosomes; Auto, autosomes. (Figure 6.)

Zhang, Sun, Ji et al 2026, Nucleic Acids Research · CC BY 4.0

The structure of SC of spermatocytes in WT and Sox30 KO mice. (A) Co-immunofluorescence stain of SYCP3 (red) and SYCP1 (cyan) in chromosome spreads of spermatocytes from WT and KO mice (scale bar: 3 um). (B, C) Co-immunofluorescence stain of SYCP3 (red) and SYCE1 (cyan) in chromosome spreads of spermatocytes from WT and KO mice and the magnified view (scale bar: 3 um). (D, E) Co-immunofluorescence stain of SYCP3 (red) and SYCE2 (cyan) in chromosome spreads of spermatocytes from WT and KO mice and the magnified view (scale bar: 3 um). (F) Co-immunofluorescence stain of SYCP3 (red) and TEX12 (cyan) in chromosome spreads of spermatocytes from WT and KO mice (scale bar: 3 um). (G) REC8 (cyan) and SYCP3 (red) co-localization patterns in Sox30 KO spermatocytes. KO cells show discontinuous REC8 linear arrays (arrowheads) compared to WT. Scale bar: 3 um. (H) Quantification of inter-REC8 focus distances. Sox30 KO cells exhibit increased spacing (**** p < 0.0001, n = 167 cells from 3 mice for WT group, n = 81 cells from 3 mice for KO group, Student t test). DipSC: diplotene; LepSC: leptotene; PacSC: pachytene; ZygSC: zygotene. (mouse (spermatocytes from wild-type and Sox30 knockout mouse testes; meiosis I stages); Figure 3.)

Liu, Zhang, Jiang et al 2025, Cell Proliferation · CC BY 4.0

Immunofluorescent analysis of selected potential SSC markers expressed by rabbit SSC co-cultured with somatic testicular cells. representative flow-cytometric dot plots show gating strategy and ALDH analysis using a specific ALDEFLUOR kit (TC - testicular cells). The data from four biological replicates are expressed as the mean +/- SD (A). Rabbit SSC colonies in culture expressing several markers analyzed by laser scanning confocal microscope Zeiss LSM 700 (FITC - green channel, TL - transmitted light; magnification at 200x; scale bar = 50 um) (B). (Figure 4.)

Vasicek, Balazi, Svoradova et al 2026, Biomolecules · CC BY 4.0

Electron micrographs of cultured rabbit SSCs. TEM micrographs of an entire cell (A) with an oval shape with large round nucleus (N) surrounded by double nuclear envelope (Ne) and containing small nucleolus (Nc) and dense heterochromatin (H), while many round mitochondria (M) and different vacuoles (V), and few lipid droplets (L) and rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) are present throughout the cytoplasm (B). (Figure 5.)

Vasicek, Balazi, Svoradova et al 2026, Biomolecules · CC BY 4.0

Papers

  1. Vašíček J, Baláži A, Svoradová A, Vozaf J, Bauer M, Tomka M, et al. Isolation and Characterization of Rabbit Spermatogonial Stem Cells as a Promising Animal Genetic Resource for Biodiversity Protection. Biomolecules. 2026;16:1278. PMID: 42793110.
  2. Zheng H, Wang Y, Wang J, Chen W, Chen J, Yang X, et al. A homozygous SPDYA variant associated with meiotic arrest and failed microdissection testicular sperm extraction in non-obstructive azoospermia. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2026;17:1916743. PMID: 42769070.
  3. Pérez-Moreno I, López-Jiménez P, Zapata-Polo H, Pérez-Martín S, López-Panadés M, Urtasun-Elizari J, et al. The dynamics of ciliogenesis in prepubertal mouse meiosis reveals new clues about testis maturation. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2026;14:1910205. PMID: 42666407.
  4. Shin BJ, Ahn JS, Kim J, Lee J, Jung S, Jung SE, et al. CD71 defines functionally active spermatogonial stem cells with enhanced transplantation potential in mouse testes. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul). 2026;30:448-461. PMID: 42540347.
  5. Xu J, Hu Y, Lu X, Cai Y, Li T, Gao M, et al. eEF1G Orchestrates Translation to Ensure Meiotic Progression in Transcriptionally Quiescent Spermatocytes. Adv Sci (Weinh). 2026;13:e76264. PMID: 42381596.
  6. Zhang Y, Sun Q, Ji Z, Mo R, Zhou Y, Zhao J, et al. XPF-like domain in human SHOC1 is required for crossover formation and protecting autosome from MSUC. Nucleic Acids Res. 2026;54:gkag558. PMID: 42258546.
  7. Komarov PA, Bammer PC, Liang CY, Hotz HR, Fanourgakis G, Chun S, et al. The eutherian-specific histone H3.4 promotes germ cell development and reproductive fitness. Nat Commun. 2026;17:7212. PMID: 42248887.
  8. Ding C, Liang T, Yang M, Wang L, Yin X, Li G, et al. ELAPOR1 regulates VPS54-mediated GARP complex formation and proacrosomal vesicle fusion during spermatogenesis. Theranostics. 2026;16:5571-5588. PMID: 41993632.
  9. Li N, Wang X, Li H, Wang Z. PRAMEL12 orchestrates spermiogenesis to ensure male fertility in mice. J Biol Chem. 2026;302:111392. PMID: 41866036.
  10. Liu K, Zhang W, Jiang X, Chen J, Zhu L, Zhang Z, et al. SOX30 Governs Synaptonemal Complex Assembly and Homologous Recombination in Male Meiosis. Cell Prolif. 2026;59:e70158. PMID: 41467312.
  11. Lu Y, Zi X, Lyu Q, Li Q, Yin H, Wang Y, et al. Intraflagellar transport-associated CCDC92 is required for spermiogenesis and male fertility in mice. J Mol Cell Biol. 2025;17:mjaf022. PMID: 41378450.

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