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keratinocyte

Real pictures of the keratinocyte delivered by gather.site, each with its paper.

12 pictures and 11 papers.

Gallery

(A) Immunostaining of pPG(S665) and DP in control skin 1 (pemphigus-negative). White dotted lines represent basement membrane of epidermis. DP costaining was used as desmosome marker. Scale bars: 10 µm; 20 µm. (human (control epidermis, pemphigus-negative); Figure 1, panel A, control arm (pemphigus-negative human skin; cols 22-567 of figure).)

Vielmuth, Sigmund, Egu et al 2026, JCI Insight · CC BY 4.0

Representative immunofluorescence images of YBX1 (left panel, green), pYBX1 (right panel, green), and DAPI (blue) in young (upper panel) and old (lower panel) human skin samples. Scale bar, 50 um. (human; Figure 1, panel A (IF micrograph section; quantification panels B-E excluded; rows 0-808 of full figure).)

Japranata, Liu, Boncimino et al 2026, Cells · CC BY 4.0

(A) TEM of the junction between the corneocyte and granular keratinocyte layers. The interphase is bordered by corneodesmosomes (CDs). Each tonofibril (TF) forms a complex lattice of keratin bundles connecting different keratinocytes (Ker) through desmosomes (D). These bundles form a mantle around the DR perimeter. (B) Higher magnification of a TD between a corneocyte and a keratinocyte. TFs extend from the desmosome into the cytoplasm. (C) TD and serially connected desmosomes between keratinocytes (Hitachi TEM system). Difference in structure between the inter-keratinocyte D and the TD is noticeable; the TD lacking a cytoplasmic plaque on the corneocyte side (abdominal skin). (Cuban crocodile (abdominal skin epidermis, granular and corneocyte keratinocyte layers); FIGURE 3, full figure (panels A-C, all TEM).)

Melkersson, Hodik, Staxang et al 2026, Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · CC BY 4.0

Keratin expression in first outgrowing and adherent keratinocytes. Brightfield image (A) of the bubble-like keratinocytes in the area of the ORS, with an IF image (B) of the same region stained for K14 (green). Brightfield image (C) showing the first outgrowing keratinocytes in the ORS area, with corresponding IF images for K5 (D) and K15 (E). Cells positive only for K5 are marked with orange arrows, and double- positive K5 and K15 cells are marked with white arrows Brightfield image (F) of a HF at a later culture stage, showing thickening of the ORS in distal and proximal regions, with proliferating keratinocytes visible near the follicle. Immunofluorescence staining for K5 and K15 in the same HF region (G). In the magnified section (H), magenta arrows mark K5/K15 double-positive keratinocytes, red arrows indicate cells positive for K15 only. Scale bar: 500 um (F, G), 250 um (A-E), 100 um (H). (human (plucked hair follicle, outgrowing and adherent keratinocytes); Figure 7.)

Klingenstein, Boenke, Wustner et al 2025, PeerJ · CC BY 4.0

The inhibition of the Notch pathway increases miR-30a activity. (a) Representative images of reconstructed epidermises obtained using RIFES miR-30a-3p or miR-30a-5p primary keratinocytes. The green fluorescence corresponds to GFP, and the blue fluorescence corresponds to nuclei labeled with DAPI. The limit of the epidermis is indicated by a dotted line. Bar = 50 mm. (b) Immunofluorescence labeling of Notch 1 (denoted as NICD) in a skin biopsy (female abdominal skin, young adult). The red fluorescence corresponds to Notch1, the green fluorescence corresponds to loricrin, and the blue fluorescence corresponds to nuclei labeled with DAPI. Bar = 50 mm. (c) Western blot analysis of Notch1 (denoted as NICD), cleaved Notch1, and actin in HPKs treated or not by DAPT. (d) HEY1 transcript relative expression analysis by qRT-PCR in HPKs treated or not by DAPT (mean +/- SD, n = 3, * P < .05 t-test P-value). (e) Response of the RIFES miR-30a-3p or -5p HPKs to DAPT treatment. (Figure 4.)

Gonzalez Torres, Chevalier, Aquino et al 2025, JID Innovations · CC BY 4.0

Ultrastructural changes in the epidermis of GLTP-nEDD patients and the Gltp-deficient mice. ( A ) Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis of epidermal ultrastructure in patient (P) skin biopsies and a healthy control (HC). Representative images reveal distinct pathological features in patient corneocytes, including numerous vacuoles (solid white arrowheads) and curved membrane structures (hollow white arrowheads). Keratinocytes within the stratum granulosum exhibit irregular perinuclear accumulations of abnormal membranous and vesicular material (red arrowheads), accompanied by reduced lamellar body counts and disrupted lamellar organization. In contrast, healthy human epidermis demonstrates homogeneous, electron-dense, amorphous keratin substance in the stratum corneum and abundant normally structured lamellar bodies (black asterisks) in the granular layer. ( B ) TEM of murine epidermis indicates intact intercellular lipid lamellae in corneocytes layers of Gltp +/+ epidermis but absent in the Gltp -/- epidermis. Gltp -/- epidermis displayed numerous vacuoles in corneocytes (solid white arrowheads), curved membrane structures (hollow white arrowheads). In the stratum granulosum, lamellar bodies (red arrows) were reduced in number and display disrupted organization in Gltp -/- mice, contrasting with abundant well-structured lamellar bodies in Gltp +/+ epidermis (black arrows). SC, stratum corneum; SG, stratum granulosum. (Figure 4.)

Zhang, Huang, Jackson et al 2026, The Journal of Clinical Investigation · CC BY 4.0

Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) of control and in vitro treated model skin. Representative images of stratum corneum, epidermis, dermal cell, and dermal collagen of control and 12.5 glycated in vitro skin models. No morphological differences were observed in the stratum corneum. Cell-cell junctions in the epidermis exhibited increased gapping upon GA treatment (white arrows). Changes in cell shape and collagen fiber distribution were observed after GA treatment in the dermal layer. (human (in vitro engineered skin model from human keratinocytes and fibroblasts; glyceraldehyde treatment to mimic glycation); Figure 3.)

Denman, Iberi, Roiter et al 2026, Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology · CC BY 4.0

alphaII-spectrin regulates epidermal differentiation and barrier function. (a) Dorsal skin from shCtr and shSptan1-transduced E17.5 embryos immunolabeled for the basal layer marker K14, the differentiation marker K10, and the granular layer marker loricrin. Insets show the transduced cells (H2B-GFP+). (b) Quantification of cell area and shape of suprabasal shSptan1 K14+ and K14- cells in E17.5 embryos. Values of basal and suprabasal shCtr and basal shSptan1 are equal to Fig. 1 Lines: Mean values; dots: single cells pooled from 3 embryos with >100 cells for each condition. ****P < 0.0001 with Kruskal-Wallis, Dunn's multiple comparison test. (c) Immunofluorescence analysis for the TJ marker occludin in Ctr and Sptan1-/- primary keratinocytes differentiated for 48 h in high Ca2+. Representative example of three biological replicates each. (d) Transepithelial resistance (TER) measurements in Ctr and alphaII-spectrin knockdown keratinocytes after switching to high Ca2+. Line represent means over time of three biological replicates each. Representative experiment of n >10 biological replicates. (e) Newborn epidermal whole-mount immunofluorescence analysis for the TJ marker ZO-1, revealing impaired alignment of the upper old (red arrowheads) and the lower new TJ rings (blue arrowheads) in the granular layer 2 (SG2). Maximum projection of the granular layer. (f) Illustration of cell shapes and TJ organization in the SG2 of Ctr and Sptan1-epi-/- epidermis. (g) Dorsal skin sections from shCtr and shSptan1-transduced E17.5 embryos. Sections were processed for transglutaminase 1 (TGM1) activity assay. Upper Insets show the transduced cells (H2B-RFP+). (h) Quantification of TGM1 intensity from data shown in g. Data are the mean +/- SD of 30 ROI from n = 3 embryos per condition. Bars: mean normalized intensity; dots individual microscopy fields. *P = 0.0471 by unpaired t-test. (Figure 5..)

Soffer, Bhosale, Ghodrat et al 2026, The Journal of Cell Biology · CC BY 4.0

TEDAR is required for terminal keratinocyte differentiation and skin barrier formation. A qRT-PCR of differentiation markers in monolayer keratinocytes transfected with siControl or siTEDAR ( n = 3). B qRT-PCR of differentiation markers in 3D organotypic skin equivalents ( n = 3). C Immunofluorescence of Filaggrin (FLG) and Loricrin (LOR) in 3D skin models. Green: Collagen VII (basement membrane). Scale bars, 50 um. D Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of stratum corneum (SC) and stratum granulosum (SG) in siControl and siTEDAR 3D skin models. Right: Quantification of the average number of SC layers per field of view ( n = 5). Scale bars: 10 um (low magnification), 2 um (high magnification). * P < 0.01 (Student's t-test). E TEM images showing keratohyalin (KH) granules in the stratum granulosum of siControl and siTEDAR 3D skin models. Bottom: Quantification of the average number of KH granules per field of view ( n = 5). Scale bars, 20 um (low magnification) and 2 um (high magnification). * P < 0.05 (Student's t-test). F Volcano plot of transcriptomic profiling data from TEDAR-depleted 3D skin models. G Heatmap of differentiation markers. Data are mean +/- SEM. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001 (Student's t-test). (human (3D organotypic skin equivalents from human keratinocytes with siControl or siTEDAR lncRNA knockdown); Fig. 4.)

Das Mahapatra, Arslan, Luo et al 2026, Cell Death and Disease · CC BY 4.0

(A) Both high-calcium induction and high-density lead to differential expression of marker proteins compared to proliferative keratinocytes. Involucrin, Keratin 10, Loricrin, and LC3I/II were taken as differentiation markers, while Keratin 5 was included as a proliferative marker. (B(i)) Morphology of proliferative keratinocytes (passage 3) and perinuclear-restricted lysosomal structures. (B(ii)) Keratinocytes differentiated by high-calcium incubation (2 mM CaCl2) exhibit a significant increase in cell area and redistribution of lysosomes throughout the cytoplasm compared to proliferative keratinocytes. (B(iii)) High-density induced keratinocytes retain a cell size and lysosomal distribution pattern similar to proliferative cells. Scale bar = 10 um. N = nucleus. (C) Schematic representation of the measurement of half-cell length ('a') and lysosomal distribution as a distance from the nucleus ('b'). (Figure 1.)

Mahanty, Saini, Moreci et al 2026, Methods and Protocols · CC BY 4.0

Effects of natural oil formulations and vitamin D3 on keratinocyte migration in an inflammatory scratch assay. Keratinocyte migration was assessed using a scratch assay performed in the presence of Ara-C to suppress proliferation and isolate migration-driven wound closure. (A) Representative phase-contrast images of scratch wounds at 0, 18, and 24 h post-scratch in control (CTRL), Inflamed, and treated groups (hemp oil, BCS oil, vitamin D3, and oil combination + vitamin D3). Yellow lines indicate the manually traced wound margins. Representative images at 0, 18, and 24 h are shown, corresponding to baseline and to the timepoints displaying the most pronounced between-group differences in the quantitative analysis; the complete time course (0, 4, 18, 24, and 48 h) is reported in panel (B). Scale bar: 200 um. (B) Quantification of wound closure (%) at 4, 18, 24, and 48 h. Data are presented as mean +/- SEM (n = 4 independent scratches per condition, across three independent experiments). (FIGURE 5.)

Tortolani D et al. 2026, BioFactors (Oxford, England) · CC BY 4.0

Papers

Mahanty S, Saini D. Method and Analysis of High-Calcium Induced Differentiation of Human Primary Keratinocytes In Vitro. Methods Protoc. 2026;9:126. PMID: 42776679.
Japranata VV, Liu M, Boncimino F, Di Cicco E, Palumbo S, Todorova K, et al. Age-Associated YBX1 Phosphorylation Regulates the Keratinocyte Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype Through Translational Control. Cells. 2026;15:1586. PMID: 42738881.
Das Mahapatra K, Arslan , Luo L, Kelemen E, Kalarikkal SP, Pasquali L, et al. The skin-specific long non-coding RNA TEDAR orchestrates late epidermal differentiation via an ERK-KLF4 cytoplasmic regulatory axis. Cell Death Dis. 2026;17:779. PMID: 42706248.
Tortolani D, Scipioni L, Anselmucci A, Ciaramellano F, Di Leonardo M, Fusaro I, et al. Differential Modulation of Keratinocyte Proliferation, Differentiation, and Barrier Function by Hemp Oil, Blackcurrant Seed Oil, and Vitamin D3 Under Atopic-Associated Cytokine Stimulation. Biofactors. 2026;52:e70137. PMID: 42576281.
Melkersson KG, Hodik M, Staxäng K, Hakizimana P, Li H, Rask-Andersen H. A transitional desmosome/tonofibril network may relay mechanical strain to epidermal nerve terminals with high fidelity and sensitivity in the Cuban crocodile (Crocodylus rhombifer): an ultrastructural study. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2026;14:1739378. PMID: 41727316.
Denman K, Iberi V, Roiter Y, Ammon M, Fang B, Ranatunga R, et al. Ultrastructural Analysis of In Vitro Glycated Engineered Skin. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2026;25:e70747. PMID: 41715905.
Soffer A, Bhosale A, Ghodrat R, Peskoller M, Matsui T, Niessen CM, et al. Spectrin coordinates cell shape and signaling essential for epidermal differentiation. J Cell Biol. 2026;225:e202502071. PMID: 41677571.
Vielmuth F, Sigmund AM, Egu DT, Hiermaier M, Steinert LS, Moztarzadeh S, et al. Plakoglobin phosphorylation at serine 665 is capable of stabilizing cadherin-mediated adhesion in keratinocytes. JCI Insight. 2026;11:e190359. PMID: 41657310.
Zhang Z, Huang S, Jackson A, Jones EA, Banka S, Yang C, et al. Biallelic GLTP mutations cause nonsyndromic epidermal differentiation disorder via disrupted epidermal glucosylceramide transport. J Clin Invest. 2026;136:e198835. PMID: 41642656.
Gonzalez Torres A, Chevalier FP, Aquino R, Aimard M, Baril P, Lamartine J. Spatiotemporal fluorescence imaging of microRNA activity in 3-D models of human epidermis reveals contribution of the Notch pathway in the regulation of miR-30a in aging skin. JID Innov. 2026;6:100444. PMID: 41585504.
Klingenstein S, Boenke J, Wüstner LS, Liebau S, Klingenstein M. Detailed morphological characterization and improvement of keratinocyte outgrowth from plucked human hair follicle. PeerJ. 2025;13:e20214. PMID: 41189574.