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837 images: 234 of the organelles, 603 of the cells (cyto.site's own cell galleries and the ten cell sites'), each keeping its own caption, source, licence and credit. Click a picture to see it large; click it again to open its paper. Galleries and papers by organelle and by cell are in the library.

Organelle Cell

837 images

Panel N (LC3): autophagosome marker as magenta puncta, inset with arrowheads. composite of 14 immunofluorescence panels, mouse choroid plexus epithelial cells; magenta channel is the named organelle marker — Autophagosome
Panel N (LC3): autophagosome marker as magenta puncta, inset with arrowheads. composite of 14 immunofluorescence panels, mouse choroid plexus epithelial cells; magenta channel is the named organelle marker
Ono, Shishido, Yamagishi et al 2026, The FEBS Journal · CC BY 4.0
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Assessment of autophagosome-lysosome fusion, metabolic status, and nutrient stress response under different CO2 conditions. (A) Representative images showing colocalization of LC3 (green) and lysosomes (red) in cells cultured under (i) 10% CO2, (ii) 10% CO2+Rapamycin, (iii) 2% CO2 or (iv) 2% CO2+Rapamycin. Yellow indicates merged signal (colocalized vesicles); arrows highlight LC3-lysosome overlap. Scale bar: 10 um. — Autophagosome
Assessment of autophagosome-lysosome fusion, metabolic status, and nutrient stress response under different CO2 conditions. (A) Representative images showing colocalization of LC3 (green) and lysosomes (red) in cells cultured under (i) 10% CO2, (ii) 10% CO2+Rapamycin, (iii) 2% CO2 or (iv) 2% CO2+Rapamycin. Yellow indicates merged signal (colocalized vesicles); arrows highlight LC3-lysosome overlap. Scale bar: 10 um.
Ashraf, Sun, Van Nostrand et al 2026, Biology Open · CC BY 4.0
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TBT triggers LC3 recruitment to lysosomes, but not to the Golgi apparatus. a - e FIP200-knockout (KO) HeLa cells were treated with 700 nM TBT for 6 h. Confocal images were stained for LC3 and LAMP1. Colocalized puncta (LC3+ and LAMP1+) are highlighted in yellow. Scale bars are 20 um. f-i FIP200 KO HeLa cells were treated with 700 nM TBT for 6 h. Confocal images were stained for LC3 and GM130 (cis- — Autophagosome
TBT triggers LC3 recruitment to lysosomes, but not to the Golgi apparatus. a - e FIP200-knockout (KO) HeLa cells were treated with 700 nM TBT for 6 h. Confocal images were stained for LC3 and LAMP1. Colocalized puncta (LC3+ and LAMP1+) are highlighted in yellow. Scale bars are 20 um. f-i FIP200 KO HeLa cells were treated with 700 nM TBT for 6 h. Confocal images were stained for LC3 and GM130 (cis-
Hatamiya, Miyara, Takahashi et al 2026, Archives of Toxicology · CC BY 4.0
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Microtubule disruption maintains the association of LC3 with RAB11A. A, under steady-state conditions, the RAB11A-positive compartment (green) and the calnexin-positive compartment (blue) are closely associated, making it difficult to determine with which compartment LC3 (red) is primarily associated. Disruption of microtubules by hypotonic treatment (1:3 full medium:water for 5 min) separates the two compartments, revealing LC3 co-localisation with RAB11A. — Autophagosome
Microtubule disruption maintains the association of LC3 with RAB11A. A, under steady-state conditions, the RAB11A-positive compartment (green) and the calnexin-positive compartment (blue) are closely associated, making it difficult to determine with which compartment LC3 (red) is primarily associated. Disruption of microtubules by hypotonic treatment (1:3 full medium:water for 5 min) separates the two compartments, revealing LC3 co-localisation with RAB11A.
Puri, Rubinsztein 2026, The Journal of Biological Chemistry · CC BY 4.0
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PtdIns3P production is reduced by inhibiting its downstream mATG8 lipidation machinery in cells. b HEK293 cells were treated as in panel a , but were double-stained with antibodies to endogenous FIP200 and endogenous WIPI2 as shown. Image acquisition and any intensity corrections were done to the same extent for both channels. — Autophagosome
PtdIns3P production is reduced by inhibiting its downstream mATG8 lipidation machinery in cells. b HEK293 cells were treated as in panel a , but were double-stained with antibodies to endogenous FIP200 and endogenous WIPI2 as shown. Image acquisition and any intensity corrections were done to the same extent for both channels.
Dessus, Ohashi, Bourguet et al 2026, Nature Communications · CC BY 4.0
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Autophagosomes (yellow arrows), autolysosomes (green arrow) and mitochondria (red arrows) in a house-dust-mite-exposed bronchial epithelial cell (BEAS-2B) by TEM, one condition cropped from a treated/untreated comparison figure. Scale bar 2 um. — Autophagosome
Autophagosomes (yellow arrows), autolysosomes (green arrow) and mitochondria (red arrows) in a house-dust-mite-exposed bronchial epithelial cell (BEAS-2B) by TEM, one condition cropped from a treated/untreated comparison figure. Scale bar 2 um.
Wang, Wang, Chen et al 2026, Frontiers in Pediatrics · CC BY 4.0
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ER autophagosomes (ER-phagy) by transmission electron microscopy, boxed region magnified elsewhere in the source figure. Scale bar 5 um. — Autophagosome
ER autophagosomes (ER-phagy) by transmission electron microscopy, boxed region magnified elsewhere in the source figure. Scale bar 5 um.
Mao, Ling, Xu et al 2026, Frontiers in Veterinary Science · CC BY 4.0
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Autophagosome-like structures adjacent to a chloroplast with swollen starch grains, in a tomato leaf cell infected with PPT phytoplasma, by TEM. Scale bar 1 um. — Autophagosome
Autophagosome-like structures adjacent to a chloroplast with swollen starch grains, in a tomato leaf cell infected with PPT phytoplasma, by TEM. Scale bar 1 um.
Inaba, Kim, Zhao et al 2026, Plant Physiology · CC BY 4.0
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An autophagic vacuole (AV) by transmission electron microscopy in a Phoenix cell, one panel of a figure of TEM images of autophagic vacuoles in control Phoenix cells and mutated Δ2-4VPS13B clones. Primary and secondary lysosomes (autophagosomes, containing membrane structures of mitochondria and ER fragments at various stages of digestion) were found in the cytoplasm of control and mutant cells. Scale bar: 1 µm. (human (Phoenix cells); Figure 8.) — Autophagosome
An autophagic vacuole (AV) by transmission electron microscopy in a Phoenix cell, one panel of a figure of TEM images of autophagic vacuoles in control Phoenix cells and mutated Δ2-4VPS13B clones. Primary and secondary lysosomes (autophagosomes, containing membrane structures of mitochondria and ER fragments at various stages of digestion) were found in the cytoplasm of control and mutant cells. Scale bar: 1 µm. (human (Phoenix cells); Figure 8.)
Morozova, Wolf, Kiseleva et al 2026, Cells · CC BY 4.0
PMID 42738829 · fig. Figure 8, one panel

Effect of Cd exposure on ER-phagy and changes in ER-phagy after inhibition of ERS. (A) ER autophagosomes were observed under transmission electron microscopy. The red arrows refer to ER autophagosomes; (B) Western blot of FAM134B; (C) Western blot of FAM134B after inhibition of ERS; (D) Statistical chart of FAM134B expression; (E) Statistical chart of FAM134B expression after inhibition of ERS. (rat (BRL-3A liver cells, Cd-treated); Figure 5A (TEM panel; rows 33-462, cols 76-555 of figure).) — Autophagosome
Effect of Cd exposure on ER-phagy and changes in ER-phagy after inhibition of ERS. (A) ER autophagosomes were observed under transmission electron microscopy. The red arrows refer to ER autophagosomes; (B) Western blot of FAM134B; (C) Western blot of FAM134B after inhibition of ERS; (D) Statistical chart of FAM134B expression; (E) Statistical chart of FAM134B expression after inhibition of ERS. (rat (BRL-3A liver cells, Cd-treated); Figure 5A (TEM panel; rows 33-462, cols 76-555 of figure).)
Mao, Ling, Xu et al 2026, Frontiers in Veterinary Science · CC BY 4.0
PMID 42718678 · fig. Figure 5A (TEM panel; rows 33-462, cols 76-555 of figure)

CORO1C deficiency impairs the formation of phagophore and autophagosomes. (A) Representative confocal image of wt, CORO1C-KO and rescued H4 cells immunolabeled with anti-SQSTM1/p62 and anti-RB1CC1 after starved for 4 h. DAPI was used to stain the nucleus (blue). Regions outlined with white dashed lines are magnified in the insets. Scale bar: 10 um. (human (H4 neuroblastoma cells, CORO1C-KO); Figure 3, panel A (representative confocal IF of SQSTM1/p62 and RB1CC1 autophagosome markers).) — Autophagosome
CORO1C deficiency impairs the formation of phagophore and autophagosomes. (A) Representative confocal image of wt, CORO1C-KO and rescued H4 cells immunolabeled with anti-SQSTM1/p62 and anti-RB1CC1 after starved for 4 h. DAPI was used to stain the nucleus (blue). Regions outlined with white dashed lines are magnified in the insets. Scale bar: 10 um. (human (H4 neuroblastoma cells, CORO1C-KO); Figure 3, panel A (representative confocal IF of SQSTM1/p62 and RB1CC1 autophagosome markers).)
Zhang, Yu, Sun et al 2026, Autophagy · CC BY 4.0
PMID 41968673 · fig. Figure 3, panel A (representative confocal IF of SQSTM1/p62 and RB1CC1 autophagosome markers)

Transmission electron micrograph of U251 human glioblastoma cells showing autophagosomes as double-membrane-bounded vesicles enclosing cytoplasmic cargo, used as controls in a study of calnexin and autophagy. (Homo sapiens (glioblastoma cells, U251).) — Autophagosome
Transmission electron micrograph of U251 human glioblastoma cells showing autophagosomes as double-membrane-bounded vesicles enclosing cytoplasmic cargo, used as controls in a study of calnexin and autophagy. (Homo sapiens (glioblastoma cells, U251).)
Liu X 2025, Theranostics · CC BY 4.0
PMID 39990231

Confocal immunofluorescence showing co-localisation of LC3B (green, autophagosome marker) and LAMP-1 (red, lysosomal marker) in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, with punctate LC3B foci indicating autophagic vesicles adjacent to lysosomes. (Homo sapiens (peripheral blood mononuclear cells).) — Autophagosome

Confocal immunofluorescence showing co-localisation of LC3B (green, autophagosome marker) and LAMP-1 (red, lysosomal marker) in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, with punctate LC3B foci indicating autophagic vesicles adjacent to lysosomes. (Homo sapiens (peripheral blood mononuclear cells).)

Colasanti T 2022, Cells · CC BY 4.0
PMID 35053379

A centriole and its procentriole in human RPE1 cells, both marked in red, seen by expansion microscopy. The physical enlargement of the sample is what makes the pair separable by light; the nine-fold symmetry the copy draws is below this resolution and is not visible here. — Centrosome
A centriole and its procentriole in human RPE1 cells, both marked in red, seen by expansion microscopy. The physical enlargement of the sample is what makes the pair separable by light; the nine-fold symmetry the copy draws is below this resolution and is not visible here.
EPFL-MEDIACOM · CC BY 4.0
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Panel B, "Control" (DMSO) column: CEP164 (mother centriole, magenta), acetylated alpha-tubulin (centriole, yellow) and Centrin-2 (centrioles, cyan) in human RPE1 cells, showing a normal centriole pair. Part of a composite figure on CDK1 and centriole length regulation. — Centrosome
Panel B, "Control" (DMSO) column: CEP164 (mother centriole, magenta), acetylated alpha-tubulin (centriole, yellow) and Centrin-2 (centrioles, cyan) in human RPE1 cells, showing a normal centriole pair. Part of a composite figure on CDK1 and centriole length regulation.
Liu, Wang, Sinha et al 2026, Genes & Development · CC BY 4.0
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Transmission electron microscope image of a thin section cut through the developing brain tissue (telencephalic hemisphere) of an 11.5 day mouse embryo. This high magnification image of "Embryonic brain 80445" show a spindle centriole and some spindle microtubules visible in the cytoplasm of a mitotic cell at the luminal surface of the telencephalon. — Centrosome
Transmission electron microscope image of a thin section cut through the developing brain tissue (telencephalic hemisphere) of an 11.5 day mouse embryo. This high magnification image of "Embryonic brain 80445" show a spindle centriole and some spindle microtubules visible in the cytoplasm of a mitotic cell at the luminal surface of the telencephalon.
Louisa Howard, Miguel Marin-Padilla · Public domain
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FBXW7 depletion induces supernumerary centrioles with multiple mother-daughter pairs. A, representative confocal microscopic images of G1/S synchronized HeLa Kyoto cells treated with control or FBXW7 siRNA (48 h) stained for CEP164 and SAS6. Scale bar = 5 um. While the vast majority (>~95%) of control cells carry two centrioles, ~50% FBXW7-depleted cells possess supernumerary (3 and more) centrioles with concomitant reduction of cells with two centrioles as shown. B, plot of percentage of cells with different numbers of SAS6 foci as indicated in control versus FBXW7 siRNA-treated G1/S synchronized HeLa Kyoto cells. C, plot of percentage of cells with different numbers of CEP164 foci as indicated in control versus FBXW7 siRNA-treated G1/S synchronized HeLa Kyoto cells. — Centrosome
FBXW7 depletion induces supernumerary centrioles with multiple mother-daughter pairs. A, representative confocal microscopic images of G1/S synchronized HeLa Kyoto cells treated with control or FBXW7 siRNA (48 h) stained for CEP164 and SAS6. Scale bar = 5 um. While the vast majority (>~95%) of control cells carry two centrioles, ~50% FBXW7-depleted cells possess supernumerary (3 and more) centrioles with concomitant reduction of cells with two centrioles as shown. B, plot of percentage of cells with different numbers of SAS6 foci as indicated in control versus FBXW7 siRNA-treated G1/S synchronized HeLa Kyoto cells. C, plot of percentage of cells with different numbers of CEP164 foci as indicated in control versus FBXW7 siRNA-treated G1/S synchronized HeLa Kyoto cells.
Anand, Bloomberg, Bhattacharjee et al 2026, The Journal of Biological Chemistry · CC BY 4.0
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NuSAP possesses a centrosomal localization. (A) HeLa cells were synchronized in the G2 phase and stained for IF with antibodies against NuSAP (green) and (upper panel) acetylated alpha-tubulin (red) with a 1-h cold treatment before fixation to remove unstable microtubules or (lower panel) gamma-tubulin (red). Scale bar, 10 um. (B) HeLa cells with GFP-NuSAP and GFP-NuSAP MTBD overexpression were synchronized in the G2 phase and stained for IF with antibodies against acetylated alpha-tubulin (red) and pericentrin (magenta) with a 1-h cold treatment before fixation. — Centrosome
NuSAP possesses a centrosomal localization. (A) HeLa cells were synchronized in the G2 phase and stained for IF with antibodies against NuSAP (green) and (upper panel) acetylated alpha-tubulin (red) with a 1-h cold treatment before fixation to remove unstable microtubules or (lower panel) gamma-tubulin (red). Scale bar, 10 um. (B) HeLa cells with GFP-NuSAP and GFP-NuSAP MTBD overexpression were synchronized in the G2 phase and stained for IF with antibodies against acetylated alpha-tubulin (red) and pericentrin (magenta) with a 1-h cold treatment before fixation.
Zhang, Jiang, Yang et al 2026, Advanced Science · CC BY 4.0
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Localization of apical membrane protein Gp135 around the centrosome and its transport during epithelial polarization. (A) Single MDCK cells were cultured in Matrigel for 12 hr. Immunostaining was performed with the following markers: apical membrane marker glycoprotein 135 (Gp135, green), centrosome marker gamma-tubulin (magenta), acetyl-tubulin (white), and DAPI for nuclei (blue). Single confocal sections through the middle of a cyst are shown. The order of polarization is arranged from single cell (1-cell), metaphase (Meta), telophase (Telo), cytokinetic pre-abscission (Pre-Abs), post-cytokinesis (Post-CK), to lumen open (LO). Arrows indicate Gp135 clusters around centrosomes, while arrowheads point to centrosome positions. Scale bar: 5 um. — Centrosome
Localization of apical membrane protein Gp135 around the centrosome and its transport during epithelial polarization. (A) Single MDCK cells were cultured in Matrigel for 12 hr. Immunostaining was performed with the following markers: apical membrane marker glycoprotein 135 (Gp135, green), centrosome marker gamma-tubulin (magenta), acetyl-tubulin (white), and DAPI for nuclei (blue). Single confocal sections through the middle of a cyst are shown. The order of polarization is arranged from single cell (1-cell), metaphase (Meta), telophase (Telo), cytokinetic pre-abscission (Pre-Abs), post-cytokinesis (Post-CK), to lumen open (LO). Arrows indicate Gp135 clusters around centrosomes, while arrowheads point to centrosome positions. Scale bar: 5 um.
Wang, Lin, Tang et al 2026, eLife · CC BY 4.0
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McIdas is essential for centriole amplification. (A) U2OS cells were treated with hydroxyurea (HU) and 24 h later were transfected with vectors expressing GFP-tagged McIdas or GFP alone as a control. Cells were fixed with methanol 48 h after transfections and centriole numbers were counted using antibodies against Cep135 and CP110, to mark the proximal and distal parts of the centrioles, respectively. (B) Quantification of centriole numbers per cell in GFP- and GFP-McIdas-overexpressing cells. (C) U2OS cells were transfected with McIdas siRNA_1 or control siRNA oligos. 24 h later, after a second transfection with the indicated siRNAs, cells were treated with HU for an additional 48 h. Cells were fixed, and centriole numbers were determined by staining with antibodies against Cep135 and CP110. (D) Quantification of centriole numbers per cell in control and McIdas-depleted cells. (E) U2OS cells were transfected twice with McIdas siRNA_1 or control siRNA oligos. 24 h after the second siRNA transfection, cells were transfected with vectors expressing either GFP-tagged McIdas or GFP alone as a control and then treated with HU for an additional 48 h. (F) Quantification of centriole numbers per cell. (G) U2OS cells expressing myc-PLK4 under a tetracycline-dependent promoter were transfected with McIdas siRNA_1 or control siRNA oligos. A second transfection followed 24 h later, and then cells were treated with tetracycline to induce myc-PLK4 overexpression. Cells were fixed and immunostained for SAS6. (H) Quantification of SAS6 foci in control and McIdas-depleted cells overexpressing PLK4. Nuclear boundaries are outlined and white boxes indicate regions shown as higher-magnification images. DNA was stained with Hoechst. Scale bars, 5 μm. — Centrosome
McIdas is essential for centriole amplification. (A) U2OS cells were treated with hydroxyurea (HU) and 24 h later were transfected with vectors expressing GFP-tagged McIdas or GFP alone as a control. Cells were fixed with methanol 48 h after transfections and centriole numbers were counted using antibodies against Cep135 and CP110, to mark the proximal and distal parts of the centrioles, respectively. (B) Quantification of centriole numbers per cell in GFP- and GFP-McIdas-overexpressing cells. (C) U2OS cells were transfected with McIdas siRNA_1 or control siRNA oligos. 24 h later, after a second transfection with the indicated siRNAs, cells were treated with HU for an additional 48 h. Cells were fixed, and centriole numbers were determined by staining with antibodies against Cep135 and CP110. (D) Quantification of centriole numbers per cell in control and McIdas-depleted cells. (E) U2OS cells were transfected twice with McIdas siRNA_1 or control siRNA oligos. 24 h after the second siRNA transfection, cells were transfected with vectors expressing either GFP-tagged McIdas or GFP alone as a control and then treated with HU for an additional 48 h. (F) Quantification of centriole numbers per cell. (G) U2OS cells expressing myc-PLK4 under a tetracycline-dependent promoter were transfected with McIdas siRNA_1 or control siRNA oligos. A second transfection followed 24 h later, and then cells were treated with tetracycline to induce myc-PLK4 overexpression. Cells were fixed and immunostained for SAS6. (H) Quantification of SAS6 foci in control and McIdas-depleted cells overexpressing PLK4. Nuclear boundaries are outlined and white boxes indicate regions shown as higher-magnification images. DNA was stained with Hoechst. Scale bars, 5 μm.
Arbi, Skamnelou, Koufoudaki et al 2026, EMBO Reports · CC BY 4.0
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Abnormal clustering of supernumerary centrioles in cKO spermatids. ( A , B ) IF staining of chromosome spreads from cKO testes using Centrin 20H5 and Centrin 3 antibodies. ( A ) In control round spermatids, two centrioles are typically present (white arrowheads). In contrast, cKO round spermatids exhibit abnormal aggregates of multiple centrioles (yellow arrowheads). Enlarged views of boxed region — Centrosome
Abnormal clustering of supernumerary centrioles in cKO spermatids. ( A , B ) IF staining of chromosome spreads from cKO testes using Centrin 20H5 and Centrin 3 antibodies. ( A ) In control round spermatids, two centrioles are typically present (white arrowheads). In contrast, cKO round spermatids exhibit abnormal aggregates of multiple centrioles (yellow arrowheads). Enlarged views of boxed region
Chen, Gong, Mak et al 2026, EMBO Reports · CC BY 4.0
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14-3-3e mutants alter centrosome numbers in different cell lines. (A,B) HCT116 cells were transfected with the mOrange vector control (VC), and mOrange-tagged wild-type (WT) and mutant (D127A, E134A, D127AE134A) 14-3-3e constructs. The cells were arrested in mitosis with nocodazole, stained with antibodies to pericentrin (green) and counterstained with DAPI (blue). The number of mitotic cells showing indicated centrosome numbers was quantified. — Centrosome
14-3-3e mutants alter centrosome numbers in different cell lines. (A,B) HCT116 cells were transfected with the mOrange vector control (VC), and mOrange-tagged wild-type (WT) and mutant (D127A, E134A, D127AE134A) 14-3-3e constructs. The cells were arrested in mitosis with nocodazole, stained with antibodies to pericentrin (green) and counterstained with DAPI (blue). The number of mitotic cells showing indicated centrosome numbers was quantified.
Jaiswal, Karn, Das et al 2025, Journal of Cell Science · CC BY 4.0
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OTUD6B localises to centrosomes and interacts with KIFC1. (A, B) OTUD6B co-localises with pericentrin in interphase cells and prometaphase cells (A) and with tubulin (A) and KIFC1 at prometaphase (B). U2OS cells transfected with GFP or GFP-OTUD6B for 48 h before staining, representative maximum-intensity projections imaged with Zeiss LSM800 confocal. — Centrosome
OTUD6B localises to centrosomes and interacts with KIFC1. (A, B) OTUD6B co-localises with pericentrin in interphase cells and prometaphase cells (A) and with tubulin (A) and KIFC1 at prometaphase (B). U2OS cells transfected with GFP or GFP-OTUD6B for 48 h before staining, representative maximum-intensity projections imaged with Zeiss LSM800 confocal.
Marotta, Sabat-Pospiech, Fielding et al 2025, EMBO Reports · CC BY 4.0
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TEDC1 and TEDC2 localize to centrioles. (A) Immunofluorescence staining of TEDC1 rescue cell lines expressing TEDC1-Halotag-3xFlag in G1, S/G2, and M. Images are maximum projections of confocal stacks. Blue: DAPI; Cyan: Centrin (CETN); Magenta: TEDC1-Halotag-3xFlag (localized with anti-Flag antibody); Yellow: SASS6. Scale bar: 5 um. (B) Immunofluorescence staining of TEDC2 rescue cell lines expressing TEDC2-V5-APEX2 in G1, S/G2, and M. Blue: DAPI; Cyan: Centrin (CETN, localized with anti-GFP antibody recognizing GFP-centrin); Magenta: TEDC2-V5-APEX2 (localized with anti-V5 antibody); Yellow: SASS6. Scale bar: 5 µm. — Centrosome
TEDC1 and TEDC2 localize to centrioles. (A) Immunofluorescence staining of TEDC1 rescue cell lines expressing TEDC1-Halotag-3xFlag in G1, S/G2, and M. Images are maximum projections of confocal stacks. Blue: DAPI; Cyan: Centrin (CETN); Magenta: TEDC1-Halotag-3xFlag (localized with anti-Flag antibody); Yellow: SASS6. Scale bar: 5 um. (B) Immunofluorescence staining of TEDC2 rescue cell lines expressing TEDC2-V5-APEX2 in G1, S/G2, and M. Blue: DAPI; Cyan: Centrin (CETN, localized with anti-GFP antibody recognizing GFP-centrin); Magenta: TEDC2-V5-APEX2 (localized with anti-V5 antibody); Yellow: SASS6. Scale bar: 5 µm.
Pudlowski, Xu, Milenkovic et al 2025, eLife · CC BY 4.0
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